在博物館、科技館或航天主題公園中，那些1:1還原的火箭、飛船模型，即便身處濕熱多雨的南方，也能保持金屬光澤如新。這背后，是一場(chǎng)材料科學(xué)與工程技術(shù)的“防銹保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)”。

　　In museums, science museums, or aerospace theme parks, those 1:1 restored rocket and spacecraft models can maintain a metallic luster as new even in the humid and rainy south. Behind this is a "rust prevention defense war" between materials science and engineering technology.

　　一、選材：耐候金屬是“防銹基因”

　　1、 Material selection: Weathering metal is the "rust prevention gene"

　　大型航天模型的主材通常選用鋁合金、不銹鋼或鈦合金。

　　The main materials for large aerospace models are usually aluminum alloys, stainless steel, or titanium alloys.

　　鋁合金：輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)，表面自然形成氧化鋁膜，可抵御輕度潮濕。但若長(zhǎng)期暴露于鹽霧環(huán)境（如沿海地區(qū)），需選擇5系（如5083）或7系（如7075）鋁合金，其抗腐蝕性比普通鋁材提升3-5倍。

　　Aluminum alloy: lightweight and high-strength, with a natural formation of aluminum oxide film on the surface, which can resist mild moisture. But if exposed to salt spray environment for a long time (such as coastal areas), it is necessary to choose 5 series (such as 5083) or 7 series (such as 7075) aluminum alloys, whose corrosion resistance is 3-5 times higher than ordinary aluminum materials.

　　不銹鋼：304不銹鋼是基礎(chǔ)款，若遇工業(yè)污染或高濕環(huán)境，需升級(jí)為316不銹鋼，其鉬元素含量更高，抗點(diǎn)蝕能力提升40%。

　　Stainless steel: 304 stainless steel is the basic version. In case of industrial pollution or high humidity environment, it needs to be upgraded to 316 stainless steel, which has a higher molybdenum content and a 40% increase in pitting corrosion resistance.

　　鈦合金：雖然成本高昂，但耐鹽霧、耐酸堿性能是鋼的3倍以上，常用于模型關(guān)鍵部件。

　　Titanium alloy: Although expensive, its salt spray resistance and acid alkali resistance are more than three times that of steel, and it is commonly used as a key component in models.

　　二、表面處理：給金屬穿上“防彈衣”

　　2、 Surface treatment: putting "bulletproof vests" on metal

　　即使選用耐候金屬，表面處理仍是防銹關(guān)鍵：

　　Even with the use of weather resistant metals, surface treatment remains the key to rust prevention:

　　噴涂防銹底漆+面漆：

　　Spray anti rust primer+topcoat:

　　底漆選用環(huán)氧富鋅漆，鋅粉犧牲陽(yáng)極保護(hù)金屬基材；

　　The primer is selected as epoxy zinc rich paint, with zinc powder sacrificial anode protecting the metal substrate;

　　面漆采用氟碳漆或聚氨酯漆，耐紫外線、耐水沖刷，壽命可達(dá)10年以上。

　　The topcoat is made of fluorocarbon paint or polyurethane paint, which is resistant to ultraviolet rays and water erosion, and has a lifespan of over 10 years.

　　電鍍與化學(xué)鍍：

　　Electroplating and Chemical Plating:

　　鉻鍍層硬度高、耐磨損，但六價(jià)鉻環(huán)保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高，逐漸被三價(jià)鉻或無(wú)鉻鍍層取代；

　　Chromium coating has high hardness and wear resistance, but hexavalent chromium poses high environmental risks and is gradually being replaced by trivalent chromium or chromium free coatings;

　　化學(xué)鍍鎳磷合金，厚度僅5-10微米，卻能提供均勻的防腐蝕層。

　　Chemical nickel phosphorus alloy, with a thickness of only 5-10 microns, can provide a uniform anti-corrosion layer.

　　陽(yáng)極氧化：

　　Anodizing:

　　鋁合金表面通過(guò)電解生成氧化鋁膜，厚度可達(dá)50微米，硬度接近藍(lán)寶石，且可染成各種顏色。

　　The surface of aluminum alloy is electrolyzed to form an aluminum oxide film with a thickness of up to 50 microns, a hardness close to sapphire, and can be dyed in various colors.

　　三、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：讓潮濕“無(wú)處可藏”

　　3、 Structural design: Make dampness "nowhere to hide"

　　模型內(nèi)部同樣暗藏防銹玄機(jī)：

　　There are also hidden rust prevention secrets inside the model:

　　密封艙室：電子設(shè)備艙采用IP67級(jí)密封，防止?jié)駳馇秩耄?/p>

　　Sealed compartment: The electronic equipment compartment adopts IP67 level sealing to prevent moisture from entering;

　　排水通道：在模型底部設(shè)計(jì)隱蔽排水孔，避免積水；

　　Drainage channel: Design concealed drainage holes at the bottom of the model to avoid water accumulation;

　　可拆卸結(jié)構(gòu)：關(guān)鍵部位采用螺栓連接而非焊接，便于定期拆解檢查銹蝕。

　　Detachable structure: Key parts are connected by bolts instead of welding, which facilitates regular disassembly and inspection for rust.

　　四、智能防護(hù)：給模型裝上“濕度管家”

　　4、 Intelligent protection: Install a "humidity manager" on the model

　　現(xiàn)代大型航天模型還配備智能防銹系統(tǒng)：

　　Modern large-scale aerospace models are also equipped with intelligent rust prevention systems:

　　濕度傳感器：當(dāng)艙內(nèi)濕度超過(guò)60%RH時(shí)，自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)除濕機(jī)；

　　Humidity sensor: When the humidity inside the cabin exceeds 60% RH, the dehumidifier will automatically start;

　　氣相防銹劑：在密封艙內(nèi)放置揮發(fā)性緩蝕劑（VCI），通過(guò)分子擴(kuò)散抑制銹蝕；

　　Gas phase rust inhibitor: volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCI) are placed inside sealed compartments to inhibit corrosion through molecular diffusion;

　　電化學(xué)保護(hù)：對(duì)埋地支架等隱蔽部位，采用犧牲陽(yáng)極法（如鎂合金陽(yáng)極）或外加電流陰極保護(hù)。

　　Electrochemical protection: Sacrificial anode method (such as magnesium alloy anode) or external current cathodic protection is used for concealed parts such as buried supports.

　　五、日常維護(hù)：防銹的“持久戰(zhàn)”

　　5、 Daily Maintenance: The Long War of Rust Prevention

　　即使前期防護(hù)到位，定期維護(hù)仍不可少：

　　Even if early protection is in place, regular maintenance is still essential:

　　每月巡檢：重點(diǎn)檢查焊縫、螺栓孔等易積水部位；

　　Monthly inspection: focus on inspecting welding seams, bolt holes, and other areas that are prone to water accumulation;

　　季度清洗：用中性洗滌劑+軟毛刷清潔表面，避免酸性清潔劑腐蝕涂層；

　　Quarterly cleaning: Clean the surface with neutral detergent and soft bristled brush to avoid acidic cleaning agents corroding the coating;

　　年度保養(yǎng)：對(duì)涂層破損處進(jìn)行局部修補(bǔ)，重新噴涂防銹漆。

　　Annual maintenance: Local repair of coating damage and re spraying of anti rust paint.

　　大型航天模型的防銹，是材料、工藝與維護(hù)的三重保險(xiǎn)。從選材階段的“耐候基因”，到表面處理的“納米鎧甲”，再到智能監(jiān)測(cè)的“濕度管家”，每一道工序都在對(duì)抗潮濕的侵蝕。這些矗立在南國(guó)雨季中的鋼鐵巨獸，用科技與匠心詮釋著：真正的航天精神，不僅在于征服宇宙，更在于征服地球上的每一寸潮濕。

　　The rust prevention of large aerospace models is the triple insurance of materials, processes, and maintenance. From the "weather resistant genes" in the material selection stage, to the "nano armor" for surface treatment, and to the "humidity manager" for intelligent monitoring, every process is fighting against the erosion of moisture. These steel giants standing in the rainy season of the southern region interpret with technology and craftsmanship: the true spirit of space exploration lies not only in conquering the universe, but also in conquering every inch of moisture on Earth.

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